They form a covering called the nuclear envelope and have separate nucleus and thus two separate daughter cells are formed. The chromosome dissociates as the sister chromatids move apart from each other to form daughter chromosome and moves to cell’s end. In metaphase, they assemble at the center of the cell and spindle fiber is formed. The stages of mitosis are: Prophase where the outer envelope dissociates and the double stranded chromosomes are seen. Mitosis has four phases and after the mitosis the division takes place in active part of the cell which is the meristems. The division of cell is known as cell cycle and in the interphase lies the inactive cell, which has three divisions. Vacuoles occupy a large position around 90%, for a single vacuole. Organelle which has a membrane called tonoplast is the vacuole along with cell sap which contains pigments and other substance. Chloroplast as well have their own DNA but are semi-autonomous. Within the stroma lies the thylakoids which forms a pile of coins, which plays a role in the photosynthesis process. Stroma is present in the matrix of the chloroplast. The process of photosynthesis is not possible without this organ. The vesicle traffic is cleared by them and is done by either fusing with them or pinching them. There is another organ found between the plasma membrane and golgi body it is the endosomes, which have tubule like shape. Its function is to sort proteins to the vesicles, which will transfer it to various organelles. Download scientific diagram Structure of animal and plant cell from publication: LECTURE NOTES: CELL BIOLOGY (BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE STUDENTS) This book was prepared as lecture notes. Golgi apparatus are found near the nucleus, although can be present in multiple number or as a single body within the cell. It functions are transport of intracellular protein, lipid and carbohydrate production, drug detoxification and regulation of calcium levels. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes whereas the rough ER possesses ribosomes. In the cytosol, those proteins are secreted which are not bound.Ī net like structure which consist of tubules within the cytoplasm and the net like structure possess folding so that increases the surface are so that the enzyme can act. In cases where it is attached, proteins are moved from lumen to ER to golgi bodies so that they are synthesized outside the cell or dispersed to organs. Synthesis of proteins from amino acid is the function of ribosomes and can be freely moving or attached to an organelle. The place where ribosomes gathers is the nucleolus and is found within the nucleus. Chromatids are formed when the DNA and protein assemble in the nucleus and have function during cell division where they get condensed.
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